A partial skeleton of the Late Cretaceous lamniform shark, Archaeolamna kopingensis, from the Pierre Shale of western Kansas, U.S.A.

Abstract

ABSTRACT All previous records of the lamniform shark, Archaeolamna kopingensis, are based on isolated teeth. Here we describe a partial skeleton from the Sharon Springs Formation of the Pierre Shale Group of western Kansas, U.S.A. The specimen includes portions of the upper and lower jaws with articulated teeth. The dentition consists of two files of upper and lower anterior teeth that, together with a single file of intrabullar intermediate teeth, are housed in a dental bulla, as well as multiple files of lateral teeth, along with at least two files of lower symphysial teeth and a single file of upper symphysial teeth. The intrabullar intermediate tooth is slightly shorter than the other anterior teeth and has a median cusp with distinctive distal curvature. The dental sequence of A. kopingensis is unique among both extinct and extant lamniforms. Associated with the jaws are fragments of the neurocranium and multiple vertebral centra. A sagittal section through a centrum shows that this shark deposited 18 annual marker bands after its birth and adult size was attained by the 10th band. The robust but penetrating tooth morphology and large jaw circumference suggest that A. kopingensis likely fed upon large prey items.