Abstract
Stress controlled cyclic triaxial tests have been carried out on coastal sand of Digha, West Bengal, India at different frequencies, confining pressures, relative densities and number of loading cycles for determination of influence of these parameters on cyclic strength (expressed in terms of cyclic stress ratio) and initial liquefaction of Digha sand. The test results provide evidence that increasing density of sand increases liquefaction potential, though it has been found that increase in effective confining pressure reduces cyclic strength of sand. Cyclic strength of sand decreases with increase of number of loading cycles at a specific density and a particular confining pressure. It has been observed that frequency of loading cycles does have any significant influence on the number of cycles for initial liquefaction of Digha sand. An empirical correlation has been developed on cyclic strength of sand based on these parameters and it has been found that this correlation fits quite well with the observed experimental results.
Highlights
The high incidence of liquefaction during earthquakes and its damage potential has made analysis of cyclic strength of sand a prime subject of concern in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering
Representation of liquefaction potential in terms of Cyclic Stress Ratio (CSR) For better understanding the effects of effective confining pressure and density on liquefaction potential of Digha sand, a series of cyclic triaxial tests have been performed to determine cyclic stress ratio which causes initial liquefaction at 15 number of loading cycles [20] and the observed cyclic stress ratio value can be presented as cyclic strength of soil
All the tests have been performed on saturated sands by preparing the specimens by dry deposition methods by varying cyclic stress ratios, frequencies, soil density, effective confining pressures and number of loading cycles for initial liquefaction
Summary
The high incidence of liquefaction during earthquakes and its damage potential has made analysis of cyclic strength of sand a prime subject of concern in the field of geotechnical earthquake engineering. Several research works on liquefaction of soils have been performed on coastal soil has been done in other countries like sand from the North Coast of Egypt [34], Calcareous coastal soil from Australia [40], sand from beach in Puerto Real, Cabo Rojo, south-western Puerto Rico [35] and coastal sand from Dogs Bay [12], but in India, especially in its eastern coast part, liquefaction analysis of coastal sand has not been performed by earlier researchers Based on this point of view, a detail study on coastal sand of Digha region (which is in eastern coast of India) [19] has been selected for this present study. The study area, which was selected, has been shown in the map from Fig. 1a–c
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