Abstract
There are studies which suggest that design equations in the ASME Pressure Vessel Codes 1 may be unconservative for diameter ratios of branch and run shells less than, as well as larger than, 0·5. Since several investigations exist for cases in which this ratio is less than 0·5, this study mainly concentrates on ratios larger than 0·5. Five models with radius ratios ranging from 0·528 to 1·000 were considered for a study of the problem caused by out-of-plane moment loading. For each diameter ratio different combinations of thickness ratios and radius-to-thickness ratios of the run shell were considered, for a total of 52 cases. A numerical technique (finite element method) was used to find the magnitude and location of the maximum stress. Depending on the location of the maximum stress on the branch or run shell, the result from the numerical technique was divided into two sections. Each part was statistically analyzed to find the dependency of the stress index on diameter ratio, thickness ratio and radius-to-thickness ratio of the run shell.
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