Abstract
In order to develop predictive wear laws, relevant material parameters and their influence on the wear rate need to be identified. Despite decades of research, there is no agreement on the mathematical form of wear equations and even the simplest models, such as Archard’s, contain unpredictable fit parameters. Here, we propose a simple model for adhesive wear in dry sliding conditions that contains no fit parameters and is only based on material properties and surface parameters. The model connects elastoplastic contact solutions with the insight that volume detachment from sliding surfaces occurs in the form of wear particles, the minimum size of which can be estimated. A novelty of the model is the explicit tracking of the sliding process, which allows us to meaningfully connect particle emission rates and sizes to the macroscopic wear rate. The results are qualitatively promising, but we identify the necessity for more controlled wear experiments and the parameters needed from such work in order to fully verify and improve our model.
Highlights
In engineering practice, wear is usually predicted byempirical laws instead of mechanistically informed models
We find that the material properties used to calculate d∗ cannot be divorced from the physics of the contact solution and that the relation between wear particle formation and wear rate is nontrivial
In order to explicitly include the evolution of wear particle formation during the sliding process in our simulations, we extended the model presented in the previous section by continuously displacing the top and bottom surfaces against each other
Summary
Wear is usually predicted by (semi-)empirical laws instead of mechanistically informed models. These laws are numerous and not necessarily transferable, while experiments which reveal sufficient information to validate them are scarce (Meng and Ludema, 1995). In order to further our fundamental understanding of the wear process, parameter-free wear predictions based on microscopic mechanisms are needed. The earliest works on wear already recognized that the wear volume V – i.e., the loss of volume of relatively sliding surfaces – is proportional to the applied normal force FN and the relative sliding distance s, at least in a certain load range (Reye, 1860; Rabinowicz and Tabor, 1951).
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