A panel of criteria for comprehensive assessment of severity of ultraviolet B radiation-induced non-melanoma skin cancers in SKH-1 mice

Abstract

The study of causes and cures for ultraviolet B radiation (UVB)-induced non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSC) has been greatly facilitated by use of the albino SKH-1 hairless mice. These mice develop multiple tumors of different sizes and the severity of cancer is often measured by one or more of the four criteria, namely the prevalence, multiplicity, area and volume of tumors. However, there are inherent limitations of each criterion: the prevalence and number do not account for size differences among tumors, area measurement ignores the tumor height, and volume measurement overcompensates for the height at the cost of planar dimensions. Here, using our dataset from an ongoing NMSC study, we discuss the limitations of these four criteria, and suggest refinements in measuring prevalence. We recommend the use of three more criteria, namely the Knud Thomsen tridimensional surface that apportions optimal weightage to three tumor dimensions, weekly occurrence of new tumors and tumor growth-rate to reveal initiation and growth of tumors in early and late phase of NMSC development, respectively. Together, use of this comprehensive panel of seven criteria can provide an accurate assessment of severity of NMSC and lead to a testable hypothesis whether the experimental manipulation of mice has affected the early initiation or growth phase of NMSC tumors.