A Pandemic Declare by World Health Organization: COVID-19

Abstract

A novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, now known as 2019-nCoV) that causes an acute respiratory disease known as the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently spread throughout the world, first in China and then spreading to other areas of the world. Following its growth in China, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the COVID-19 outbreak a public health emergency of international concern on January 30, 2020. The development of SARS-CoV-2 in the twenty-first century caused severe acute respiratory syndrome, followed by the Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) in 2012, which was also described as the highly pathogenic and large-scale epidemic coronavirus that harmed the human population. According to WHO data issued on March 1, 2020, a total of 87,137 cases were confirmed internationally, with 79,968 cases in China and 2977 deaths (3.4 percent) worldwide. Following that, researchers discovered that SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the b-coronavirus family, which has a genome that is very similar to that of bat coronavirus, indicating that bats are the virus's natural host. The novel coronavirus uses the same receptor as SARS-CoV, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), and spreads primarily through the respiratory system. This COVID-19 virus has a strong history of sustained human-to-human transmission all across the world. Fever, dry cough, fatigue, difficulty breathing, and, less commonly, gastrointestinal illnesses were the most common clinical symptoms displayed by the majority of the patients. The elderly and those with underlying conditions such as heart disease, diabetes, cancer, or kidney disease are more susceptible to COVID-19 infection, as well as serious outcomes such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and cytokine storm. When it comes to treatment, there are few particular antiviral treatments available right now, but numerous medication regimens and other antibody-based studies are being tested. The current study summarises COVID-19's epidemiology, aetiology, and clinical characteristics, as well as current treatment approaches and prospective scientific advances to battle the epidemic novel coronavirus.