A one-year follow-up study of the Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) and the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT) in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: an appraisal of comparative longitudinal sensitivity.

Mariana López-Góngora,Antonio Escartín,Luis Querol

doi:10.1186/s12883-015-0296-2

Mariana López-Góngora, Antonio Escartín + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12883-015-0296-2

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Abstract

BackgroundNeuropsychological batteries are infrequently used to assess cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis because they are time-consuming and require trained personnel. The Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is suggested to be a useful screening tool to measure cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis patients and is more valid and reliable over time than the Paced Auditory Serial Addition Test (PASAT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate which of these tests was more sensitive to cognitive impairment at one-year follow-up.MethodsA total of 237 patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 57 healthy controls underwent a complete neuropsychological assessment. One year later, we assessed 196 patients using the Brief Repeatable Battery of Neuropsychological Tests. We also administered other executive function and prospective memory tests, together with fatigue and depression questionnaires.ResultsA total of 33.8% of patients were classified as cognitively impaired. The SDMT and the PASAT 3 seconds test (PASAT3) had a sensitivity of 0.809 and 0.783, respectively, thereby classifying patients as cognitively impaired. Analysis of 196 patients one year later showed 31.6% had cognitive impairment compared with 27.6% at the first assessment. The sensitivity to detect cognitive impairment after one year was 0.824 for SDMT and 0.796 for PASAT3. When the predictors were removed from the comparative standard battery, SDMT still showed a slightly higher sensitivity. Both SDMT and PASAT3 correlated significantly with all tests, but SDMT showed higher correlation values. Furthermore, SDMT was completed by all subjects while PASAT3 was completed by 86.9% of patients and 94.7% of controls.ConclusionsSDMT is simpler to administer than PASAT3 and may be slightly more sensitive to MS cognitive impairment. It could thus be a suitable test to assess cognitive impairment routinely in people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Highlights

Neuropsychological batteries are infrequently used to assess cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis because they are time-consuming and require trained personnel
Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) is simpler to administer than PASAT 3 seconds test (PASAT3) and may be slightly more sensitive to multiple sclerosis (MS) cognitive impairment
Two hundred and thirty-seven patients who met the inclusion criteria and 57 healthy controls recruited from friends and in-law relatives matched by age, gender, and education level agreed to participate in the study

Summary

Introduction

Neuropsychological batteries are infrequently used to assess cognitive impairment in multiple sclerosis because they are time-consuming and require trained personnel. Cognitive impairment (CI) in multiple sclerosis (MS) is common and disabling [1], affecting recent memory, sustained attention, verbal fluency, conceptual reasoning, and visuospatial perception [2]. It is present at all stages of the disease and limits work and social activities [3]. The Rao Brief Repeatable Neuropsychological Battery (BRNB) and the Minimal Assessment on Cognitive Function in MS (MACFIMS) are most commonly used and take 25–30 and 90 minutes, respectively, to administer [4,5]. While the BICAMS was intended to require a minimum of training, the value of a single test for monitoring cognition in MS remains a valuable goal

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