Abstract
A one health approach to reducing schistosomiasis transmission in Lake Malawi
Highlights
Zoonosis are diseases that can be naturally transmitted between non-human animals and humans and include bacteria, viruses, or parasites (World Health Organization, www.who.int/topics/zoonoses/ en/)
Trematode species have complex life cycles alternating between a final host where sexual reproduction occurs and a first intermediate host where asexual multiplication transpires
A new infective stage develops inside the snail and upon release from the snail, cercariae can either infect the final host directly through skin penetration
Summary
A One Health approach must be employed to effectively control urinary schistosomiasis in Lake Malawi. Health clinics must be supplied with praziquantel for distribution. Education centers must emphasize the need for sanitation and clearly state precautions (e.g., avoid swimming between 1000-1500). The importance of snail-eating fishes to control the intermediate hosts must be emphasized. If biological controls are to be implemented, alternate food sources (agriculture, aquaculture) must be made available.
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