Abstract
One-dimensional (1D) hemodynamic models of arteries have increasingly been applied to coronary circulation. In this study, we have adopted flow and pressure profiles in Olufsen's 1D structured tree as coronary boundary conditions, with terminals coupled to the dynamic pressure feedback resulting from the intra-myocardial stress because of ventricular contraction. We model a trifurcation structure of the example coronary tree as two adjacent bifurcations. The estimated results of blood pressure and flow rate from our simulation agree well with the clinical measurements and published data. Furthermore, the 1D model enables us to use wave intensity analysis to simulate blood flow in the developed coronary model. Six characteristic waves are observed in both left and right coronary flows, though the waves' magnitudes differ from each other. We study the effects of arterial wall stiffness on coronary blood flow in the left circumflex artery (LCX). Different diseased cases indicate that distinct pathological reactions of the cardiovascular system can be better distinguished through Wave Intensity analysis, which shows agreement with clinical observations. Finally, the feedback pressure in terminal vessels and measurement deviation are also investigated by changing parameters in the LCX. We find that larger feedback pressure increases the backward wave and decreases the forward one. Although simplified, this 1D model provides new insight into coronary hemodynamics in healthy and diseased conditions. We believe that this approach offers reference resources for studies on coronary circulation disease diagnosis, treatment and simulation.
Highlights
With the ever increasing load of coronary heart disease, studying the coronary arteries is of importance
Unlike previous coronary models with boundary conditions estimated from 0D models (Mynard et al, 2014; Mynard and Smolich, 2015), we use a structured-tree model (Olufsen, 1999; Olufsen et al, 2000) for the vascular beds of smaller coronary vessels to provide the boundary conditions relating pressure and flow at the distal end of each terminal artery, added to an additional pressure feedback term resulting from the ventricular wall contraction
To account for the effects of the myocardial contraction on the coronary vessels, we introduce a time-dependent feedback pressure pf (x, t) that is added to the distal boundary conditions for each terminal large artery, i.e., where each terminal vessel is connected to its vascular bed; this increases the resistance to flow due to the compression of the vascular beds during systole (Mynard, 2011)
Summary
Zheng Duanmu 1*, Weiwei Chen 2*, Hao Gao 3, Xilan Yang 4, Xiaoyu Luo 3 and Nicholas A. The estimated results of blood pressure and flow rate from our simulation agree well with the clinical measurements and published data. The 1D model enables us to use wave intensity analysis to simulate blood flow in the developed coronary model. We find that larger feedback pressure increases the backward wave and decreases the forward one. Simplified, this 1D model provides new insight into coronary hemodynamics in healthy and diseased conditions. This 1D model provides new insight into coronary hemodynamics in healthy and diseased conditions We believe that this approach offers reference resources for studies on coronary circulation disease diagnosis, treatment and simulation
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