A Nutrigenetic Update on CETP Gene\u2013Diet Interactions on Lipid-Related Outcomes

Ramatu Wuni,Gunter G. C. Kuhnle,Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran,Alexandra Azzari Wynn-Jones

doi:10.1007/s11883-022-00987-y

Abstract

Purpose of ReviewAn abnormal lipid profile is considered a main risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and evidence suggests that single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) gene contribute to variations in lipid levels in response to dietary intake. The objective of this review was to identify and discuss nutrigenetic studies assessing the interactions between CETP SNPs and dietary factors on blood lipids.Recent FindingsRelevant articles were obtained through a literature search of PubMed and Google Scholar through to July 2021. An article was included if it examined an interaction between CETP SNPs and dietary factors on blood lipids. From 49 eligible nutrigenetic studies, 27 studies reported significant interactions between 8 CETP SNPs and 17 dietary factors on blood lipids in 18 ethnicities. The discrepancies in the study findings could be attributed to genetic heterogeneity, and differences in sample size, study design, lifestyle and measurement of dietary intake. The most extensively studied ethnicities were those of Caucasian populations and majority of the studies reported an interaction with dietary fat intake. The rs708272 (TaqIB) was the most widely studied CETP SNP, where ‘B1’ allele was associated with higher CETP activity, resulting in lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and higher serum triglycerides under the influence of high dietary fat intake.SummaryOverall, the findings suggest that CETP SNPs might alter blood lipid profiles by modifying responses to diet, but further large studies in multiple ethnic groups are warranted to identify individuals at risk of adverse lipid response to diet.

Highlights

The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well recognised and ischaemic heart disease alone accounted for 9 million deaths in 2019, making it the top cause of death in all parts of the world [1]
This section reviews studies examining the interaction between dietary factors and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on blood lipids
A wide range of dietary factors were investigated by the 28 observational studies, and these included dietary carbohydrate, protein, saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), coffee, sucrose, total energy intake and alcohol consumption

Summary

Introduction

The global burden of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) is well recognised and ischaemic heart disease alone accounted for 9 million deaths in 2019, making it the top cause of death in all parts of the world [1]. An abnormal lipid profile (dyslipidaemia), indicated by low concentrations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL) and elevated levels of lowdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL) or triglycerides (TG), is considered a major risk factor for CVDs [2, 3]. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in lipid-related genes such as the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genes have been found to contribute to changes in lipid profiles in response to diet [8, 9, 10]. Of these three genes, CETP has been shown to have more associations with blood lipids (Supplemental Table 1). Increased CETP activity has been shown to result in lower HDL levels and is linked to higher risk of CVDs [12]

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion