A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate the Relationship between Metabolic Traits and Vitamin D Status in an Asian Indian Population.

Buthaina E Alathari,Rajendra Pradeepa,Dhanasekaran Bodhini,Ramamoorthy Jayashri,Vasudevan Sudha,Karani S Vimaleswaran,Venkatesan Radha,Ranjit Mohan Anjana,Viswanathan Mohan,Coimbatore Subramanian Shanthi Rani,Nagarajan Lakshmipriya,Julie A Lovegrove

doi:10.3390/nu12051357

Abstract

Studies in Asian Indians have examined the association of metabolic traits with vitamin D status. However, findings have been quite inconsistent. Hence, we aimed to explore the relationship between metabolic traits and 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] concentrations. We investigate whether this relationship was modified by lifestyle factors using a nutrigenetic approach in 545 Asian Indians randomly selected from the Chennai Urban Rural Epidemiology Study (219 normal glucose tolerant individuals, 151 with pre-diabetes and 175 individuals with type 2 diabetes). A metabolic genetic risk score (GRS) was developed using five common metabolic disease-related genetic variants. There was a significant interaction between metabolic GRS and carbohydrate intake (energy%) on 25(OH)D (Pinteraction = 0.047). Individuals consuming a low carbohydrate diet (≤62%) and those having lesser number of metabolic risk alleles (GRS ≤ 1) had significantly higher levels of 25(OH)D (p = 0.033). Conversely, individuals consuming a high carbohydrate diet despite having lesser number of risk alleles did not show a significant increase in 25(OH)D (p = 0.662). In summary, our findings show that individuals carrying a smaller number of metabolic risk alleles are likely to have higher 25(OH)D levels if they consume a low carbohydrate diet. These data support the current dietary carbohydrate recommendations of 50%–60% energy suggesting that reduced metabolic genetic risk increases 25(OH)D.

Highlights

Interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors have been shown to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1,2]
The Asian Indian population have a unique clinical phenotype characterized by increased visceral fat and waist circumference (WC), increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes at a younger age, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with raised triglycerides and low high density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-c) levels at normal ranges of body mass index (BMI) collectively known as “Asian Indian Phenotype” [5,6]
Vitamin D deficiency exists in endemic proportions all over India, with a prevalence ranging from 80%–90% [11]

Summary

Introduction

Interaction between genetic and lifestyle factors have been shown to contribute to the development of metabolic disorders such as obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) [1,2]. The prevalence of metabolic diseases is increasing worldwide, and Asian Indians have a greater predisposition [3,4]. The Asian Indian population have a unique clinical phenotype characterized by increased visceral fat and waist circumference (WC), increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes at a younger age, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and dyslipidemia with raised triglycerides and low high density lipoprotein–cholesterol (HDL-c) levels at normal ranges of body mass index (BMI) collectively known as “Asian Indian Phenotype” [5,6]. Vitamin D has been linked to cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammation and autoimmune diseases [12,13,14]

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