A Nutrigenetic Approach to Investigate ApoB EcoR1 Polymorphism-Dietary Acid Load Interactions on Lipid and Anthropometric-Related Outcomes in Adults with Dyslipidemic Type 2 Diabetes

Abstract

Introduction: Despite multiple studies having considered the role of dietary acid load (DAL) or the apolipoprotein B (ApoB) EcoR1 rs1042031 polymorphism in diabetes, none have assessed their interplay effect on metabolic markers. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the interaction of EcoR1 rs1042031 and DAL on metabolic markers among adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: 492 randomly selected individuals with T2DM were recruited for this cross-sectional study. Dietary intake was evaluated by a validated food frequency questionnaire. DAL was assessed as net-endogenous acid production (NEAP) and potential renal acid load (PRAL). Real-time-PCR was used to genotype the EcoR1 rs1042031 polymorphism. Metabolic markers were also assessed. The interaction effect of the polymorphism and DAL indexes was analyzed by analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Result: The frequency of EcoR1 rs1042031 genotypes was not different between dyslipidemic and normolipidemic participants (p > 0.05). Among participants with dyslipidemia, those with the GG genotype and who consumed a higher level of NEAP had higher body mass index (BMI) (p = 0.03) and waist circumference (WC; p = 0.02). Moreover, triglyceride (TG) concentration (p = 0.007), the LDL/HDL ratio (p = 0.03), and the TG/HDL (p = 0.03) ratio were significantly higher in A allele carriers with higher than the median intake of NEAP, in comparison with GG homozygotes. Finally, GA/AA carriers who had a higher intake of PRAL had a higher TG concentration (p = 0.006) and TG/HDL ratio (p = 0.01) compared to lower median intake in the dyslipidemia group. Discussion: In the dyslipidemic group, there was a higher TG concentration among individuals with the GA/AA genotype and a higher intake of NEAP/PRAL. Also, in this group, a higher intake of NEAP may be considered as a risk factor for increased levels of BMI and WC among participants with the GG genotype.