Abstract
Abstract A numerical model simulation investigates the influence of the mid-Atlantic ridge on nonlinear first-mode baroclinic Rossby waves generated by seasonal wind fluctuations. The North Atlantic is simulated by a square-box, two-layer quasi-geostrophic (QG) model. The bottom topography is ridge-like and compromises the QG approximation and the actual shape of the ridge. Sponge layers protect all boundaries except the eastern one from wave reflection and eliminate the build-up of the western boundary current. The model is forced by a purely fluctuating wind stress curl derived from the most significant EOFs of the FGGE winds. A flat bottom and a ridge experiment are compared. In both experiments the eastern boundary is an important source of annual-period baroclinic Rossby waves. Wave trains having a wavelength of about 1060 km and a westward phase speed around 3.4 cm s−1 propagate energy westward at 3 cm s−1. In the flat bottom experiment a source of directly wind-forced baroclinic waves of annual per...
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