Abstract
Abstract A 3D mesoscale model is used to study the structure of convectively triggered gravity waves in the Tropics and their role in the dynamics of the middle atmosphere. Simulations with three stratospheric background zonal wind cases are examined. In the first case the background wind profile is constant; the other two are representative of the easterly and westerly phases of the quasi-biennial oscillation (QBO). Spectral analysis is used to link the structure of the triggered gravity waves to the dominant vertical wavelength of the latent heating within the convection. In the QBO–wind shear cases, upward propagating gravity waves are damped as they approach their critical layer. The signature of critical-layer absorption is clearly visible in the profiles of vertical momentum-flux divergence. In the simulations with open boundary conditions, the response to vertical momentum-flux divergence takes the form of large dynamic pressure differences between the east and west boundaries together with acceler...
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