Abstract
Abstract The transmission of low frequency radio waves through the lower ionosphere is studied by a full-wave computer method, applicable for any angles of incidence, azimuth and dip, and for any height variation of the model ionosphere considered. A reciprocity relation is established which relates the transmission coefficient and limiting polarization for a whistler wave incident on to the lower ionosphere from above with the transmission coefficient and polarization for a wave incident from below. The transmission properties and the internal reflection properties of day and night model ionospheres are studied and the conclusions are compared with pertinent experimental results.
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