Abstract
The impinging jet is a classical flow model with relatively simple geometric boundary conditions, and it is widely used in marine engineering. In recent years, scholars have conducted more and more fundamental studies on impact jets, but most of the classical turbulence models are used in numerical simulations, and the accuracy of their calculation results is still a problem in regions with large changes in velocity gradients such as the impact zone. In order to study the complex flow characteristics of the water flow under the condition of a submerged jet impacting a stationary wall, the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model was chosen for the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation study of the impacting jet. Continuous jets with different Reynolds numbers and different impact heights H/D were used to impact the stationary wall, and the results show that the jet flow structure depends on the impact height and is relatively independent of the Reynolds number. With the increase in the impact height, the diffusion of the jet reaching the impact area gradually increases, and its velocity gradually decreases. As the impact height increases, the maximum pressure coefficient decreases and the rate of decrease increases gradually, and the dimensionless pressure distribution is almost constant. In this paper, the flow field structure and pressure characteristics of a continuous submerged jet impacting a stationary wall are explored in depth, which is of great guidance to engineering practice.
Highlights
A submerged impinging jet is a flow structure in which the fluid is shot out of the orifice or slit, enters the same medium, and impacts its solid wall, mixing with the ambient fluid [1]
With reference to the high-precision Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) experimental data, the numerical simulation results in this paper have strongly demonstrated that the Wray–Agarwal turbulence model has good results in simulating the flow in the near-wall region of the impinging jet
CrossDi f f = S ∂R ∂S + R ∂S ∂S ∂xj ∂xj ∂xj ∂xj where μτ denotes the viscosity of turbulence (Pa/s); ρ denotes the density of the fluid; f μ denotes the damping function; k represents the pulsating kinetic energy of turbulence (J); ω is the specific dissipation rate; ν is the kinematic viscosity (m2/s); d is the distance to the nearest wall (m). In this numerical simulation study, six turbulence models—namely, BSL k–ω, SST k–ω, standard k–ε, Re–Normalization Group (RNG) k–ε, realizable k–ε, and Wray–Agarwal, were selected to numerically calculate the jet impact on the stationary wall, and the calculated results were compared with the PIV experimental results (Re = 35,100, impact height H/D = 3)
Summary
Bo Hu 1,2 , Hui Wang 3, Jinhua Liu 1, Yong Zhu 4 , Chuan Wang 1,3,*, Jie Ge 5 and Yingchong Zhang 4. Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
