Abstract
A planar left-handed metamaterial (LHM) based on E-shaped resonator (ESR) configuration is demonstrated, which provides a methodology in designing loss wideband negative-refractive-index (NRI) materials. When a plane wave propagates perpendicularly toward the ESR metamaterial (MTM) layer, a left-handed (LH) transmission passband is realised from a frequency band of 4.31 GHz to 5.24 GHz, where both effective permittivity and effective permeability are negative. Numerical and experimental results predict a LH transmission band near 4.16-GHz resonance. The retrieval algorithm and dispersion characteristics confirm the double-negative (DNG) constitutive parameters and NRI passband. Simple expressions for the electric and magnetic resonance frequencies of an ESR MTM structure are also presented. CST Microwave Studio EM simulation was used to obtain the complex values of S-parameters data of the MTM unit cell and to examine E-field distribution. The implemented experimental results reveal that the proposed compact ESR MTM structure provides a wide left-handed transmission passband with small material losses and ease of fabrication, making the suggested ESR LHM a good candidate for radio-frequency (RF) and millimetre applications.
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