Abstract
There is currently a crucial need for improved diagnostic techniques and targeted treatment methods for Alzheimer’s disease (AD), a disease which impacts millions of elderly individuals each year. Metabolomic analysis has been proposed as a potential methodology to better investigate and understand the progression of this disease. In this report, we present our AD metabolomics results measured with high resolution magic angle spinning (HRMAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) on human blood plasma samples obtained from AD and non-AD subjects. Our study centers on developments of AD and non-AD metabolomics differentiating models with procedures of quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) through pooled samples. Our findings suggest that analysis of blood plasma samples using HRMAS NMR has the potential to differentiate between diseased and healthy subjects, which has important clinical implications for future improvements in AD diagnosis methodologies.
Highlights
Throughout the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—from the presence of predisposing genetic factors and environmental stimuli to the degeneration of synapses and neurons—the overall metabolic status, or metabolomics, of the brain and other organs changes in AD patients, shifting from the normal homeostasis of healthy individuals to pathological states
The major methodologies used in AD metabolomic investigations have been mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, each with its strengths and weaknesses
Upon confirming the quality of the data, we proceeded with evaluating the spectral intensity data measured from individual plasma samples
Summary
Throughout the development and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD)—from the presence of predisposing genetic factors and environmental stimuli to the degeneration of synapses and neurons—the overall metabolic status, or metabolomics, of the brain and other organs changes in AD patients, shifting from the normal homeostasis of healthy individuals to pathological states. For this reason, discovering and understanding ADassociated metabolomic changes in the brain and other peripheral systems, such as in blood, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, may assist with an early and definitive diagnosis and, more importantly, contribute to the development of precision treatments. Using NMR and MS, AD metabolism and metabolomics have investigated human biofluids ranging from cerebrospinal fluid [1–6], to less-invasive blood [7–25], to entirely non-invasive saliva and urine [26,27]
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