Abstract
Synthesis of nanoscale zerovalent manganese (nZVMn) by chemical reduction was carried out in a single pot system under inert environment. nZVMn was characterized using a combination of analytical techniques: Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray, BET surface area and Point of Zero Charge. The adsorption physicochemical factors: pH, contact time, adsorbent dose, agitation speed, initial copper ion concentration and temperature were optimized. The kinetic data fitted better to Pseudo second-order, Elovich, fractional power and intraparticle diffusion models and their validity was tested by three statistical models: sum of square error, Chi-square (χ2) and normalized standard deviation (Δq). Seven of the two-parameter isotherm models [Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, Dubinin–Kaganer–Raduskevich (DKR), Halsey, Harkin–Jura and Flory–Huggins] were used to analyse the equilibrium adsorption data. The Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity (Qmax = 181.818 mg/g) obtained is greater than other those of nano-adsorbents utilized in adsorption of copper ions. The equilibrium adsorption data were better described by Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, DKR and Halsey isotherm models considering their coefficient of regression (R2 > 0.90). The values of the thermodynamic parameters: standard enthalpy change ∆H° (+50.27848 kJ mol−1), standard entropy change ∆S° (203.5724 J mol−1 K−1) and the Gibbs free energy change ∆G° revealed that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature. The performance of this novel nanoscale zerovalent manganese (nZVMn) suggested that it has a great potential for effective removal of copper ions from aqueous solution.
Highlights
Nanotechnology is the science of structuring matters into a large surface area which holistically possesses unique characteristics
Synthesis of nanoscale zerovalent manganese by chemical reduction was carried out in a single pot system under inert environment. nZVMn was characterized using a combination of analytical techniques: Ultraviolet–Visible Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy, Transmission Electron Microscopy, Energy Dispersive X-ray, BET surface area and Point of Zero Charge
This study has successfully investigated the synthesis, characterization and application of novel zerovalent manganese nanoparticle for adsorption of Cu2?
Summary
Nanotechnology is the science of structuring matters into a large surface area which holistically possesses unique characteristics. A number of adverse effects of copper exist due to overexposure ranging from irritation of the nose, mouth and eyes, headaches, stomachaches, dizziness, vomiting, hematemesis, diarrhoea, hypotension, melena, coma, jaundice to liver and kidney damage and even death (Bonnie et al 2007; Brewer 2010). Several methods such as precipitation, cementation, reverse osmosis, ion-exchange, electro-dialysis have been used to remove these heavy metals; yet, the problems still persist because of myriad of limitations of these methods (Prasad and Elumalai 2011). The effect of salinity on adsorption of Cu(II) onto nZVMn was determined
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