A Novel Versatile Methodology for the Assessment of the Effects of Alternative Fuels on Engine Durability

Abstract

Since the introduction of first generation biodiesel (Fatty Acid Methyl Esters, FAME) at blending rates in diesel of up to 7% vol., concerns were raised regarding engine component durability. The deposition rate on engine components appears to be related to specific biodiesel characteristics, not included in the EN14214 standard. This paper describes a test method developed that is able to predict the effects of specific fuels on engine components that are not possible to be revealed by initial fuel properties as tested according to fuel standards EN590 and EN14214. The method is able to simulate long engine operation within a feasible test duration with controllable acceleration of involved phenomena and in a cost effective manner including the use of limited amount of fuel and only engine components affected by the fuel degradation. The paper presents the developed method, the experimental setup configuration, fuel treatment, key operating conditions and operating protocol of the main test. Test results are being presented for both current market fuels of different characteristics as regards FAME content and presence of detergent additives as well as for experimental and reference fuel blends developed for the assessment of possible future fuels and fuel injection system configurations. The paper concludes that the specific method is able to provide information on the applicability and possible durability issues associated with the use of alternative fuels and advanced fuel injection system technologies under consideration and is a candidate to be implemented as a future fuel standard.