Abstract
Currently, there has been intensive research to drive three-dimensional (3-D) video technology over mobile devices. Most recently, multi-input multi-output (MIMO) with orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) and cooperative diversity have been major candidates for the fourth-generation mobile TV systems. This article presents a novel unequal error protection (UEP) scheme for 3-D video transmission over cooperative MIMO-OFDM systems. Several 3-D video coding techniques are investigated to find the best method for 3-D video transmission over the error-prone wireless channels. View plus depth (VpD) has been found the best technique over other techniques such as simulcast coding (SC) and mixed-resolution stereo coding (MRSC) in terms of the performance. Various UEP schemes are proposed to protect the VpD signals with different importance levels. Seven video transmission schemes for VpD are proposed depending on partitioning the video packets or sending them directly with different levels of protection. An adaptive technique based on a classified group of pictures (GoP) packets according to their protection priority is adopted in the proposed UEP schemes. The adaptive method depends on dividing GoP to many packet groups (PG’s). Each PG is classified to high-priority (HP) and low-priority (LP) packets. This classification depends on the current signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in the wireless channels. A concatenating form of the rate-variable low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes and the MIMO system based on diversity of space-time block codes (STBC) is employed for protecting the prioritized video packets unequally with different channel code rates. For channel adaptation, the switching operations between the proposed schemes are employed to achieve a tradeoff between complexity and performance of the proposed system. Finally, three protocols for 3-D video transmission are proposed to achieve high video quality at different SNRs with the lowest possible bandwidth.
Highlights
Three-dimensional (3-D) video applications have recently emerged to offer immersive video content compared to two-dimensional (2-D) services
This study demonstrated that bit error rate (BER) can be improved using space-time block codes (STBC) and convolutional coding systems, it did not propose any techniques to mitigate error propagation in video signals at the video decoder
This scheme employs packet partitioning, where sequence parameter set (SPS), picture parameter set (PPS) and I-frame packets in the color and depth sequences are classified as HP packets, while P-frame packets are considered as LP packets
Summary
Three-dimensional (3-D) video applications have recently emerged to offer immersive video content compared to two-dimensional (2-D) services. Many different types of error resilient video and channel coding techniques have been proposed to improve video transmission over wireless communication systems These schemes mainly are: unequal error protection (UEP) with assistance of forward error correction (FEC) methods and joint source-channel coding (JSCC). Several hybrid MIMO systems were proposed in [15,16] These works have suggested different methods to improve video transmission over wireless channels, they are unable to achieve spatial diversity gains and are ineffective in fading channel environments. It can be concluded that, the SC and MRSC methods decode the left and right views independently, whereas the DIBR technique reconstructs the left view depending on the relationship between the view and depth This relationship is beneficial in improving the compression efficiency for the 3-D video signal. The selection between these schemes is controlled by two signals SW1
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