A novel triplex real-time PCR method for the simultaneous authentication of meats and antlers from sika deer (Cervus nippon) and red deer (Cervus elaphus)

Abstract

Deer products have been used as a traditional Chinese medical and edible food for over 2000 years. Due to the high price, the meats and antlers are often adulterated with low-value materials. The present study developed a triplex real-time PCR assay to simultaneously identify the DNA from sika deer and red deer in deer products. The triplex real-time PCR approach showed high specificity for 10 animal species, and the method simultaneously amplified an endogenous control to eliminate false-negative results. The absolute limits of detection for raw meat, meat product, and antlers were 0.00005–0.000025 ng, 0.00005–0.000025 ng, and 0.0001–0.000025 ng, respectively, for sika deer and 0.00005–0.000025 ng, 0.0005–0.00025 ng, and 0.0025–0.00025 ng, respectively, for red deer. This approach could determine 0.1% (w/w) adulteration. In conclusion, the established triplex real-time PCR assay displayed high specificity and sensitivity, and applicability and can be used for authentic animal products from sika deer and red deer. Data will be made available on request.