Abstract
The impacts of the fast growth of renewable energy sources (RESs) and distribution static synchronous compensators (D-STATCOMs) on unbalanced radial distribution networks (URDNs) are analyzed with three-phase power flow algorithms (PFAs). As the URDNs are unbalanced, they can experience voltage unbalance (VU). This paper proposes a novel three-phase PFA for URDNs with multiple RES and D-STATCOM device integrations. The bus number matrix (BNM) and branch number matrix (BRNM) developed in this paper make the implementation of the proposed PFA simple. These matrices are developed to store the bus numbers and branch numbers of newly created sections of the URDN. Both PQ and PV modeling of RES and PV modeling of D-STATCOM devices are effectively integrated into the proposed three-phase PFA. The accuracy of the proposed PFA has been tested on the IEEE-13 bus URDN and the results are found to be accurate with the IEEE results. Several study examples have been conducted on the IEEE-13 bus and the IEEE-34 bus URDNs with multiple integrations of three-phase RESs and three-phase D-STATCOMs. Test results indicate that these integrations improve the voltage profile, reduce the power loss and reduce the severity of the VU.
Highlights
renewable energy sources (RESs), such as solar, wind, fuel cells, etc., use synchronous generators (SGs)/induction generators (IGs), IGs combined with power electronic converters (PECs) or only PECs to transfer AC power to the grids
This paper develops a bus number matrix (BNM) and branch number matrix (BRNM) to store the information of bus numbers and branch numbers, respectively, of newly divided sections of the unbalanced radial distribution networks (URDNs)
BRNM for the URDN, the iterative scheme the power flow algorithms (PFAs) isAfter explained by the following steps: of the BRNM for the URDN, the iterative scheme for the PFAthe is development explained by the following steps: 1. for Setthe iteration number γ =by
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. The authors of [3] propose a new power angle control (PAC) algorithm designed to simplify the control algorithm and obtain a fast, dynamic response It expands the PAC’s capacity to compensate for VU with or without phase-angle jump in a simple way. The authors of [4] used the three-phase AC optimal power flow (OPF) formulation to reduce the VU using reactive power from solar PV inverters It analyzes the impact of different VU measures using different combinations of VU objectives and constraints. The authors of [23] present a three-phase PFA for URDN with combined integration of DGs and D-STATCOM devices by developing BUS_NUM and BRANCH_NUM matrices.
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