Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are intraosseous stem cells, and the effects of tensile strain on BMSC differentiation mediate several bone-related treatments. To study the response of BMSCs under tension, we designed and developed a small cellular tension instrument, iStrain. When iStrain applied tension on BMSCs, these cells exhibited convergence in the alignment direction and lengthening of the cell processes and cell body. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and western blotting demonstrated that iStrain-mediated cyclic tension promotes the differentiation of BMSCs toward osteogenesis and fibrogenesis. And the mRNA and protein expression of differentiation-related genes changes with the extension of tension time.
Highlights
Stem cells, which are defined as cells with the capacity to selfproliferate and differentiate into new functional cells in tissue [1], are important in maintaining tissue integrity and normal function
Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are the main functional cells in bone distraction, as they can differentiate into osteoblasts and initiate osteogenesis
In the process of distraction osteogenesis, continuous tensile stress plays an important role in promoting BMSC proliferation and differentiation [8]
Summary
Stem cells, which are defined as cells with the capacity to selfproliferate and differentiate into new functional cells in tissue [1], are important in maintaining tissue integrity and normal function. Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are a specific type of stem cell in bone with active self-renewing and multidifferentiation abilities [2]. These cells have the potential to develop into osteocytes, chondrocytes, adipocytes, and cells of other embryonic lineages [2]. The main types of mechanical stimulation in vivo include shear stress, compressive stress, and tensile stress [6]. Among these types, the effects of tensile stress on BMSCs are clinically important. The osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs is involved in bone regenerative activity in rapid maxillary expansion during orthodontic treatment [9]
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