Abstract
High bone–implant contact is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and long time clinical success of dental implants. Micro, nano, microtopography, and oxide layer of dental implants influence tissue response. The lasers were used for achieving an implant surface with homogeneous micro texturing and uncontaminated surface. The present study aimed to characterize the implant surfaces treated by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser treatment compared to machined implants. A total of 10 machined implants and 10 lasered surface implants were evaluated in this study. The implant surfaces were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and metallography to characterize and measure the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant titanium surface. The machined surfaces showed a non-homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The lasered implant surfaces showed a homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 400 nm and 460 nm in the area of the laser holes, while outside the layer, thickness ranged between 200 nm and 400 nm without microcracks or evidence of damage. Another exciting result after this laser treatment is a topographically controlled, repeatable, homogeneous, and clean surface. This technique can obtain the implant surface without leaving residues of foreign substances on it. The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface.
Highlights
High bone density in contact with the implant is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and clinical success of dental implants for oral fixed implant rehabilitation [1].Micro, nano, and macrotopography of dental implants influence tissue response [2], and there is a great interest in the properties of implant surfaces [3]
The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface
Other proposed strategies to improve implant-bone contact include increasing TiO2 layers on the surface [27], and in this study, we found that laser treatment increases the thickness of TiO2
Summary
Nano, and macrotopography of dental implants influence tissue response [2], and there is a great interest in the properties of implant surfaces [3]. Several authors have investigated the influence of physicochemical composition and nano and micro-topography, which have a significant impact on the outcome of osseointegration [4]. There is potentially an optimal microroughness affecting the initial healing processes [5] and bone regeneration procedure [6]. This great interest focuses on utilizing surface-modification treatments with the intent to shorten the healing times and augmentation life of dental implants. Modifying the roughness of the implant surface, using different techniques, Materials 2020, 13, 4178; doi:10.3390/ma13184178 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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