Abstract
Both titanium and ceramic materials provide specific advantages in dental implant technology. However, some problems, like hypersensitivity reactions, corrosion and mechanical failure, have been reported. Therefore, the combining of both materials to take advantage of their pros, while eliminating their respective cons, would be desirable. Hence, we introduced a new technique to bond titanium and ceramic materials by means of a silica-based glass ceramic solder. Cylindrical compound samples (Ø10 mm × 56 mm) made of alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ), as well as titanium grade 5, were bonded by glass solder on their end faces. As a control, a two-component adhesive glue was utilized. The samples were investigated without further treatment, after 30 and 90 days of storage in distilled water at room temperature, and after aging. All samples were subjected to quasi-static four-point-bending tests. We found that the glass solder bonding provided significantly higher bending strength than adhesive glue bonding. In contrast to the glued samples, the bending strength of the soldered samples remained unaltered by the storage and aging treatments. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyses confirmed the presence of a stable solder-ceramic interface. Therefore, the glass solder technique represents a promising method for optimizing dental and orthopedic implant bondings.
Highlights
Titanium dental implants have been demonstrated to perform very well for a number of years [1].the biocompatibility of titanium with differently structured surfaces has been proven [2,3,4], some problems, such as tissue discoloration and hypersensitivity reactions, have been reported clinically [5,6,7]
While the glass soldering technique has already been described in terms of a modification for ceramic implant surfaces [20,21], its use for connecting metals and ceramics has not been investigated far
The alumina toughened zirconia (ATZ) cylinder was placed above the titanium one, both aligned along their vertical axes
Summary
Titanium dental implants have been demonstrated to perform very well for a number of years [1]. The biocompatibility of titanium with differently structured surfaces has been proven [2,3,4], some problems, such as tissue discoloration and hypersensitivity reactions, have been reported clinically [5,6,7] Due to their esthetical appearance and their biocompatibility, ceramics constitute a promising alternative implant material [8,9]. This would result in a dental implant with an all-ceramic outer appearance in combination with the structural functionality of titanium on the inside. While the glass soldering technique has already been described in terms of a modification for ceramic implant surfaces [20,21], its use for connecting metals and ceramics has not been investigated far In this experimental study, the feasibility of this technique was investigated with respect to its mechanical properties under different test configurations in comparison to a commercially available two-component adhesive glue. The glass solder specimens were subjected to fractographic analysis
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