Abstract
This paper presents a novel Time Difference of Arrival-based approach suitable for single-anchor positioning systems, implemented by phase wrapping-impaired array antenna. With the latter being a typical occurrence in large Switched Beam Antenna (SBA) operating in the low microwave range. The proposed method takes advantage from the large bandwidth of radio link, established between the anchor and the positioning target, by generating an unambiguous equivalent phase relationship between antenna array elements. The technique is validated by adopting a relatively large SBA antenna operating in the 4.75–6.25 GHz bandwidth, and capable to position a target in a 3D domain. Experimental data, carried out in the 4–7 GHz frequency bandwidth, show that by dealing properly with the inherent constraint of phase wrapping issues, it is possible to get a significant improvement on the elevation angle with respect to methods not capable to deal with phase reconstruction and thus operating in a phase-less context. Combining range and angle errors, the associated cumulative distribution function error in 90% of cases shows an error of 0.13 m.
Highlights
Wireless positioning technologies enable a wide range of application scenarios where positional information provides key points for the development of unattended and noninvasive context-aware services [1,2]
This paper presents a novel Time Difference of Arrival-based approach suitable for singleanchor positioning systems, implemented by phase wrapping-impaired array antenna
Several methods are available in the literature, due to the very different cases of studies. They can be classified according to the specific signal features involved in the position estimation, such as Direction of Arrival (DoA), Time of Arrival (ToA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and range evaluation by acquiring the received signal strength [5]
Summary
Wireless positioning technologies enable a wide range of application scenarios where positional information provides key points for the development of unattended and noninvasive context-aware services [1,2]. Several methods are available in the literature, due to the very different cases of studies They can be classified according to the specific signal features involved in the position estimation, such as Direction of Arrival (DoA), Time of Arrival (ToA), Time Difference of Arrival (TDoA), and range evaluation by acquiring the received signal strength [5]. These techniques rely on the established radio links between the target to be positioned and two or more spacial references, called anchors. Such architecture allows to achieve the necessary spatial diversity to properly evaluate received signal features and perform estimation methods
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