Abstract
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a forthcoming method to address the challenges posed by increasing device connectivity and diverse communication requirements of visible light communication (VLC) systems in the sixth generation (6G) networks. This paper integrates NOMA and VLC systems (NOMA-VLC) and concentrates on studying the problem of maximizing the sum rate in downlink systems using NOMA, considering the existence of channel state information (CSI) errors. Taking power distribution and the user's quality of service (QoS) requirement as constraints, the purpose is to maximize the total sum rate. However, because this problem is usually a nonconvex NP-hard problem, it is challenging to obtain the best solution. In this paper, a combination of the improved Kepler optimization algorithm and the black widow optimization algorithm (BWO-KOA) is provided as a solution to solve this optimization problem and get an effective solution. By comparing the properties of BWO-KOA with other existing algorithms, the simulation results demonstrate that BWO-KOA outperforms these methods in the sum rate characteristics of the NOMA-VLC system.
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