Abstract
A novel sulfonated alkyl ester (SAE) was developed. The sulfonated alkyl ester has unique chemical structures that aimed to combine the advantages of ester-based and sulfonate-based surfactant in one compound. This surfactant was studied for its performance to reduce interfacial tensions in a wide range of salinity with monovalent and divalent ions and in a light and heavy oil samples. The study showed that the sulfonated alkyl ester surfactant gives a good performance in a light oil sample in a high monovalent ion concentration and also give a good performance in a heavy oil sample in both low and high concentration of monovalent and divalent ions solution.
Highlights
A surface active agents or commonly known as surfactant is one of chemical that has a very wide range of applications
Anionic surfactant has a good solubility in water and mostly stable in a high temperature condition, especially when the hydrophilic groups are coming from sulfonate or sulfate compound (Puerto, Hirasaki, Miller, & Barnes, 2011)
The sulfonated alkyl ester surfactant has been analyze for its performance in a wide range of salinity by using monovalent and mixture of monovalent and divalent ions solutions
Summary
A surface active agents or commonly known as surfactant is one of chemical that has a very wide range of applications. Its ability to lower the oil-water interfacial tension and to form a micro-emulsion makes surfactant widely used in oil industries to enhance recovery. Studies in this area still continue developing to improve the effectiveness of surfactant in improving oil recovery at various oil/rock characteristics and reservoir conditions. Nonionic surfactant generally has a good solubility in water, low CMC (Muherei & Junin, 2008), favorable in industrial uses because of its weak foaming property, widely useful as emulsifying and dispersing agent (Fujimoto, 1985), has a good stability in high salinity condition (Muherei & Junin, 2008). There are still some disadvantages of anionic surfactant, such as it cannot be applied at an existence of divalent ion in a high concentration and has a high CMC (Critical Micelle Concentration) (Fujimoto, 1985)
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