A novel strategy for stabilization of sub-nanometric Pd colloids on kryptofix functionalized MCM-41: nanoengineered material for Stille coupling transformation

Hassan Alamgholiloo,Sadegh Rostamnia,Nader Noroozi Pesyan

doi:10.1038/s41598-021-97914-z

Hassan Alamgholiloo, Sadegh Rostamnia + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-97914-z

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Abstract

The stabilization of sub-nanometric metal particles (< 1 nm) with suitable distribution remained challenging in the catalytic arena. Herein, an intelligent strategy was described to anchoring and stabilizing sub-nanometric Pd colloids with an average size of 0.88 nm onto Kryptofix 23 functionalized MCM-41. Then, the catalytic activity of Pd@Kryf/MCM-41 was developed in Stille coupling reaction with a turnover frequency (TOF) value of 247 h−1. The findings demonstrate that porous MCM-41 structure and high-affinity Kryptofix 23 ligand toward adsorption of Pd colloids has a vital role in stabilizing the sub-nanometric particles and subsequent catalytic activity. Overall, these results suggest that Pd@Kryf/MCM-41 is a greener, more suitable option for large-scale applications and provides new insights into the stabilization of sub-nanometric metal particles.

Highlights

Within the field of silica-based materials, MCM-41 as a nanoreactor has possessed much attention in the catalytic process arena due to unique properties such as high surface areas, chemical stability, and structural r igidity[1,2,3]
In addition to the scientific findings in introducing engineered n anomaterials[41,42,43,44,45,46], Pd@Kryf/MCM-41 mesoporous silica was presented for Stille coupling reaction (Fig. 1)
Our initial efforts were geared towards preparing MCM-41 mesoporous silica material via the sol–gel method, which was followed by grafting Kryptofix 23 into pores of MCM-41

Summary

Introduction

Within the field of silica-based materials, MCM-41 as a nanoreactor has possessed much attention in the catalytic process arena due to unique properties such as high surface areas, chemical stability, and structural r igidity[1,2,3]. Considering the unique metal colloid structure, we have envisioned an intelligent method for anchoring and stabilizing sub-nanometric Pd onto Kryptofix 23 functionalized MCM-41. First example of the stabilization of sub-nanometric Pd colloids with crown ether macrocyclic compounds that exhibit enhanced catalytic activity in the Stille coupling reaction.

Results

Conclusion