Abstract
With the development of the highway transportation and business trade, vehicle Weigh-In-Motion (WIM) technology has become a key technology for measuring traffic loads. In this paper a novel WIM system based on monitoring of pavement strain responses in rigid pavement was investigated. In this WIM system multiple low cost, light weight, small volume and high accuracy embedded concrete strain sensors were used as WIM sensors to measure rigid pavement strain responses. In order to verify the feasibility of the method, a system prototype based on multiple sensors was designed and deployed on a relatively busy freeway. Field calibration and tests were performed with known two-axle truck wheel loads and the measurement errors were calculated based on the static weights measured with a static weighbridge. This enables the weights of other vehicles to be calculated from the calibration constant. Calibration and test results for individual sensors or three-sensor fusions are both provided. Repeatability, sources of error, and weight accuracy are discussed. Successful results showed that the proposed method was feasible and proven to have a high accuracy. Furthermore, a sample mean approach using multiple fused individual sensors could provide better performance compared to individual sensors.
Highlights
Accurate measurement of vehicle static axle or wheel loads has long been a major objective of highway engineers
WIM is the process by which the static weights of vehicles are determined by measuring wheel load while the vehicles are in motion
Because the pavement strain is the contribution of the whole wheel load to the pavement, it is not like the interaction between the tire and the sensor that just covers a little part of the force due to the narrow width of the sensor compared with the contact patch of the tire, so higher measurement accuracy is expected by considering the pavement strain response
Summary
Accurate measurement of vehicle static axle or wheel loads has long been a major objective of highway engineers. WIM is the process by which the static weights of vehicles are determined by measuring wheel load while the vehicles are in motion. Traditional highway WIM systems tended to use weighing devices set in the road in one lane [3] Many such systems are still in use, including some developed in recent years. Unless the approach pavement is smooth, these systems are often inaccurate because the devices are subject to large load fluctuations depending on vehicle speed, vehicle suspension characteristics and road roughness [4].
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