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Abstract
Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a severe brain injury resulting in a variety of motor impairments combined with secondary injury in remote organs, especially the lung. This condition occurs due to insufficient blood supply to the brain during infancy. However, it has a molecular linkage that needs to be thoroughly covered. Here, we report on the role of vascular endothelial growth factor C (VEGFC) in lung injury induced by CI. The middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was depended to establish the animal model of CI. Rats were used and brain ischemia was confirmed through TTC staining. Serum was used for protein chip analysis to study the proteomic interaction. Immunohistochemistry analyses were used to quantify and locate the VEGFC in the lung and brain. The role of VEGFC was detected by siVEGFC technology in SY5Y, HUCEV, and A549 cell lines, under normal and oxygen glucose deprivation (OGD) conditions in vitro. As a result, the TTC staining demonstrated that the model of brain ischemia was successfully established, and MPO experiments reported that lung damage was induced in MCAO rats. VEGFC levels were up-regulated in serum. On the other hand, immunohistochemistry showed that VEGFC increased significantly in the cytoplasm of neurons, the endothelium of small trachea and the lung cells of CI animals. On a functional level, siVEGFC effectively inhibited the proliferation of SY5Y cells and decreased the viability of HUVEC cells in normal cell lines. But under OGD conditions, siVEGFC decreased the growth of HUVEC and increased the viability of A549 cells, while no effect was noticed on SYSY cells. Therefore, we confirmed the different role of VEGFC played in neurons and lung cells in cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. These findings may contribute to the understanding the molecular linkage of brain ischemia and lung injury, which therefore provides a new idea for the therapeutic approach to cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.
Highlights
Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a common neurological disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity (Li et al, 2017; Patel and McMullen, 2017)
Quantitative analysis of infarct volume after triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining showed that the percentage of infarct area in middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) group was significantly increased, compared with Sham group (P < 0.01), which confirmed that cerebral ischemia-reperfusion model has been successfully established (Figures 1A,B)
Lung injury, is one of the severe symptom induced by stroke, which can be named as CI associated pneumonia (SAP), in which, it may have two pathway in neurogenic and hematogenic mechanism
Summary
Cerebral ischemia (CI) is a common neurological disease with high rates of mortality and morbidity (Li et al, 2017; Patel and McMullen, 2017). This condition is triggered by a lack or reduced blood flow to the brain tissue to levels lower than the these required for normal function (Vespa et al, 2005). Stroke-associated pneumonia (SAP) was firstly reported in 2003. The incidence of SAP was 21% in stroke patients with higher death rates than other patients (Hilker et al, 2003). It is urgent to explore and understand the mechanism of lung injury induced by CI
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