Abstract
In order to improve the robustness and imperceptibility in practical application, a novel audio watermarking algorithm with strong robustness is proposed by exploring the multi-resolution characteristic of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the energy compaction capability of discrete cosine transform (DCT). The human auditory system is insensitive to the minor changes in the frequency components of the audio signal, so the watermarks can be embedded by slightly modifying the frequency components of the audio signal. The audio fragments segmented from the cover audio signal are decomposed by DWT to obtain several groups of wavelet coefficients with different frequency bands, and then the fourth level detail coefficient is selected to be divided into the former packet and the latter packet, which are executed for DCT to get two sets of transform domain coefficients (TDC) respectively. Finally, the average amplitudes of the two sets of TDC are modified to embed the binary image watermark according to the special embedding rule. The watermark extraction is blind without the carrier audio signal. Experimental results confirm that the proposed algorithm has good imperceptibility, large payload capacity and strong robustness when resisting against various attacks such as MP3 compression, low-pass filtering, re-sampling, re-quantization, amplitude scaling, echo addition and noise corruption.
Highlights
With the rapid development of the Internet, multimedia data stored in digital form can be replicated and destroyed by illegal users, so protection against intellectual property infringement increasingly becomes an important issue
A novel and blind audio watermarking algorithm with strong robustness is proposed according to the multi-resolution characteristic of discrete wavelet transform (DWT) and the energy compression capability of discrete cosine transform (DCT)
The cover audio signal is first segmented into audio fragments, and each audio fragment is performed by DWT and DCT in order to obtain two sets of transform domain coefficients (TDC) which are modified to embed the binary watermark
Summary
With the rapid development of the Internet, multimedia data stored in digital form can be replicated and destroyed by illegal users, so protection against intellectual property infringement increasingly becomes an important issue. There are two primary methods to overcome the above problems, which are digital signature [1,2] and digital watermarking [3,4]. Digital signature is a kind of number string which can be used as the secret key for both senders and receivers [5], and it stimulates the desire of illegal users to destroy the multimedia data. Sci. 2018, 8, 723 safety, and it has become a hot topic in the field of communication and information security in recent years [6,7,8]
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