Abstract
Simple SummaryPlutella xylostella is a very serious pest to cruciferous vegetables. At present, the control methods used are mainly traditional insecticides and the cultivation of Bt crops. However, with the long-term and large-scale use of insecticides, the diamondback moth has developed strong resistance to many kinds of insecticides and Bt crops. The Cry1S1000 strain of P. xylostella used here is a strain with more than 8000 times resistance to Bt Cry1Ac protoxin. In this paper, we used transcriptome sequencing to determine the midgut transcriptome of the G88-susceptible strain, Cry1S1000-resistant strain and its corresponding toxin-induced strains to find more genes related to Bt resistance. Our results will provide a reference for optimizing the control strategy of diamondback moth resistance and improving the control efficiency of biopesticides and Bt crops.The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is a lepidopteran insect that mainly harms cruciferous vegetables, with strong resistance to a variety of agrochemicals, including Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) toxins. This study intended to screen genes associated with Bt resistance in P. xylostella by comparing the midgut transcriptome of Cry1Ac-susceptible and -resistant strains together with two toxin-treated strains 24 h before sampling. A total of 12 samples were analyzed by BGISEQ-500, and each sample obtained an average of 6.35 Gb data. Additionally, 3284 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in susceptible and resistant strains. Among them, five DEGs for cadherin, 14 for aminopeptidase, zero for alkaline phosphatase, 14 for ATP binding cassette transport, and five heat shock proteins were potentially involved in resistance to Cry1Ac in P. xylostella. Furthermore, DEGs associated with “binding”, “catalytic activity”, “cellular process”, “metabolic process”, and “cellular anatomical entity” were more likely to be responsible for resistance to Bt toxin. Thus, together with other omics data, our results will offer prospective genes for the development of Bt resistance, thereby providing a brand new reference for revealing the resistance mechanism to Bt of P. xylostella.
Highlights
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide [1]
Vachon [7] revealed that activated Cry toxins could be directly inserted into the intestinal membrane after binding to aminopeptidase N (APN), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), or cadherin, and oligomerization occurs on the membrane to form pre-pore oligomers, leading to the death of insects
The widely reported cadherin and aminopeptidase N, alkaline phosphatase, and ATP-binding cassette transporter may be involved in Cry1Ac resistance
Summary
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is an important pest of cruciferous crops worldwide [1]. Scholars call it a double-acting model of Cry toxin; that is, Cry1A protoxin can directly bind to cadherin and oligomerize without activating proteases, forming pre-pore oligomers It binds to APN or ALP and eventually inserts into the intestinal membrane, leading to perforation of the intestinal membrane that leads to the insect’s death [8,9]. In subsequent studies [11], starting with the potential role of the APN gene, they confirmed that differential expression of APN and other midgut genes mediated by MAPK is closely associated with resistance Important, they found that the MAPK cascade is stimulated and regulated by partial hormones, suggesting a new mechanism of hormone involvement in Bt resistance. Further research on the three potential activation pathways of the complex four-layer MAPK signaling module provides a good direction for the control of the agricultural pest P. xylostella [12]
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