Abstract
This paper introduces a new protection system for solar photovoltaic generator (SPVG)-connected networks. The system is a combination of voltage-restrained overcurrent relays (VROCRs) and directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs). The DOCRs are implemented to sense high fault current on the grid side, and VROCRs are deployed to sense low fault current supplied by the SPVG. Furthermore, a novel challenge for the optimal coordination of DOCRs-DOCRs and DOCRs-VROCRs is formulated. Due to the inclusion of additional constraints of VROCR, the relay coordination problem becomes more complicated. To solve this complex problem, a hybrid Harmony Search Algorithm-Bollinger Bands (HSA-BB) method is proposed. Also, the lower and upper bands in BB are dynamically adjusted with the generation number to assist the HSA in the exploration and exploitation stages. The proposed method is implemented on three different SPVG-connected networks. To exhibit the effectiveness of the proposed method, the obtained results are compared with the genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), HSA and hybrid GA-nonlinear programming (GA-NLP) method. Also, the superiority of the proposed method is evaluated using descriptive and nonparametric statistical tests.
Highlights
As fossil fuel reserves are depleting, the price and related environmental concerns strongly encourage the use of renewable energies [1,2,3]
Simulation outcomes are compared with genetic algorithm (GA), particle swarm optimization (PSO), cuckoo search algorithm (CSA), Harmony Search Algorithm (HSA), and GA-nonlinear programming (GA-NLP) for demonstrating the effectiveness of the Harmony Search Algorithm-Bollinger Bands (HSA-Bollinger Bands (BB))
This study presents a directional overcurrent relays (DOCRs)- and voltage-restrained overcurrent relays (VROCRs)-based combined protection scheme
Summary
As fossil fuel reserves are depleting, the price and related environmental concerns strongly encourage the use of renewable energies [1,2,3]. Non-standard characteristics-based protection schemes were suggested for microgrid protection [29,30,31] These types of characteristics provide flexibility in the operation of relays, but the complexity of the mathematical expressions and extra controlling parameters are challenging issues [32]. In order to connect a SPVG system to the grid, a set of devices of protection are provided at PCC This protection system performs the appropriate functions to prevent the SPVG feeds the network in case of abnormal values of current, voltage and frequency. Demonstrates that to develop a reliable protection scheme for SPVG-connected networks, voltage-restrained overcurrent relays (VROCRs) are deployed to sense a low fault current on the SPVG side, whereas DOCRs are used to operate with a high fault current on the grid side. Performs a statistical analysis using descriptive and nonparametric tests to demonstrate the more excellent value of HSA-BB
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