Abstract
Background Gallbladder cancer (GBC), which accounts for more than 80% of biliary tract malignancies, has a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year survival less than 10%. The study aimed to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for GBC following surgical resection. Methods 98 GBC patients who underwent surgical resection from Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital were enrolled in the study. Cox-regression analysis was performed to identify significant prognostic factors. A nomogram was constructed and Harrell's concordance index, calibration plot, and decision cure analysis were used to evaluate the discrimination and calibration of the nomogram. Results Liver resection, tumor size, perineural invasion, surgical margin, and liver invasion were identified as independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) in GBC patients who underwent surgical resection. Based on the selected risk factors, a novel nomogram was constructed. The C-index of the nomogram was 0.777, which was higher than the American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) staging system (0.724) and Nevin staging system (0.659). Decision cure analysis revealed that the nomogram had a better net benefit and the calibration curves for the 1-, 3-, and 5-year survival probabilities were also well matched with the actual survival rates. Lastly, high-risk GBC were stratified based on the scores of the nomogram and we found high-risk GBC were associated with both worse OS and disease-free survival (DFS). Conclusion We developed a nomogram showing a better predictive capacity for patients' survival of resected GBC than the AJCC staging systems. The established model may help to stratify high-risk GBC and facilitate decision-making in the clinic.
Highlights
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is relatively uncommon with an overall incidence of 2.3 per 100,000 people, but it accounts for more than 80% of biliary tract malignancies [1]
Tumor size, perineural invasion, surgical margin, and liver invasion were identified as independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) in GBC patients who underwent surgical resection
Decision cure analysis revealed that the nomogram had a better net benefit and the calibration curves for the 1, 3, and 5-year survival probabilities were well matched with the actual survival rates
Summary
Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is relatively uncommon with an overall incidence of 2.3 per 100,000 people, but it accounts for more than 80% of biliary tract malignancies [1]. Patients with GBC have a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year survival less than 10% [2]. Journal of Oncology considered as the risk factors for GBC patients prognosis [5,6,7]. Gallbladder cancer (GBC), which accounts for more than 80% of biliary tract malignancies, has a poor prognosis with an overall 5-year survival less than 10%. E study aimed to identify risk factors and develop a predictive model for GBC following surgical resection. Tumor size, perineural invasion, surgical margin, and liver invasion were identified as independent risk factors for overall survival (OS) in GBC patients who underwent surgical resection. We developed a nomogram showing a better predictive capacity for patients’ survival of resected GBC than the AJCC staging systems. We developed a nomogram showing a better predictive capacity for patients’ survival of resected GBC than the AJCC staging systems. e established model may help to stratify high-risk GBC and facilitate decision-making in the clinic
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