Abstract
A novel method as proposed in the production of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel has been investigated experimentally. This study reports the results of biodiesel processing with electromagnetic induction technology. The applied method is aimed to compare the results of Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel processing among conventional, microwave and electromagnetic induction. The degumming, transesterification, and esterification process of the 3 methods are measured by stopwatch to obtain time comparison data. Characteristics of viscosity, density, and fatty acid metil ester (FAME) are obtained from testing of a Gas Chromatography-mass Spectrometry (GCMS) at the Integrated Research and Testing Laboratory, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta. The results present that the biodiesel produced by this method satisfies the biodiesel standards and their characteristics are better than the biodiesel produced by conventional and microwave methods. The electromagnetic induction method also offers a fast and easy route to produce biodiesel with the advantage of increasing the reaction rate and improving the separation process compared to other methods. This advanced technology has the potential to significantly increase biodiesel production with considerable potential to reduce production time and costs.
Highlights
In the past two decades, the energy crisis has encouraged the development of alternative energy by seeking renewable energy resources
Esterification is the process of reacting Free Fatty Acid (FFA) into esters with short-chain alcohols to produce fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and water
Biodiesel produced from Calophyllum inophyllum oil with electromagnetic induction radiation generally meets ASTM D6751, C1 biodiesel, EN 14214, and SNI standards, so it can be used as an alternative for biodiesel processing
Summary
In the past two decades, the energy crisis has encouraged the development of alternative energy by seeking renewable energy resources. Alternative energy sources such as biodiesel have been developed to replace diesel or fuel oil. Biodiesel is a liquid fuel processed from different sources such as palm oil [1,2,3,4], soybean oil [5,6,7,8,9,10], jatropha [11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18], cottonseed oil [19,20,21,22,23,24,25], soursop seed oil [26], recycled cooking oils [27,28,29,30], animal fats [31,32,33,34,35], and other potential triacylglycerol-containing feed-stocks [36]. The benefits of Calophyllum inophyllum as biofuel are: having a higher yield than other crops (jatropha 40–60%, palm kernel 46–54%, and Calophyllum inophyllum (40–74%), and not having a chance
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