Abstract
This article describes a unique therapeutic precision intervention, a formulation of enkephalinase inhibitors, enkephalin, and dopamine-releasing neuronutrients, to induce dopamine homeostasis for detoxification and treatment of individuals genetically predisposed to developing reward deficiency syndrome (RDS). The formulations are based on the results of the addiction risk severity (GARS) test. Based on both neurogenetic and epigenetic evidence, the test evaluates the presence of reward genes and risk alleles. Existing evidence demonstrates that the novel genetic risk testing system can successfully stratify the potential for developing opioid use disorder (OUD) related risks or before initiating opioid analgesic therapy and RDS risk for people in recovery. In the case of opioid use disorders, long-term maintenance agonist treatments like methadone and buprenorphine may create RDS, or RDS may have been in existence, but not recognized. The test will also assess the potential for benefit from medication-assisted treatment with dopamine augmentation. RDS methodology holds a strong promise for reducing the burden of addictive disorders for individuals, their families, and society as a whole by guiding the restoration of dopamine homeostasisthrough anti-reward allostatic neuroadaptations. WC 175.
Highlights
We are facing an incredible challenge in combatting the current opioid and drug pandemic worldwide
No one has provided sufficient reward deficiency syndrome (RDS)-free controls, and many of these so-called controls are disputed [28]. This lack of disease-free case controls remains in the field, and spurious results continue confusion regarding the role of genetics in addiction
If there is a blueprint or clue as to a specific known gene and associated polymorphic risk allele to link to a specific phenotype such as substance use disorder (SUD) or even cannabis use disorder, the contribution of each gene may be small, it is still significant. Being cognizant of these difficulties and awaiting further research, the brain reward cascade (BRC) was utilized as a blueprint, we reviewed the literature to determine each allele and associated polymorphism proposed in the genetic addiction risk severity (GARS) panel in case-control studies, for alcoholism
Summary
Pandemic” by Incorporating Genetic Addiction Risk Severity (GARS) and Dopamine Homeostasis Restoration. Kenneth Blum 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, * , Shan Kazmi 1 , Edward J. Modestino 8 , Bill William Downs 6 , Debasis Bagchi 6,9 , David Baron 1 , Thomas McLaughlin 3 , Richard Green 3,10 , Rehan Jalali 3,7 , Panayotis K. Thanos , Igor Elman , Rajendra D. Badgaiyan 13,14 , Abdalla Bowirrat 15 and Mark S.
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