A novel position estimation method for wayside pass-by noise sources based on Doppler effect correction

Abstract

The localization of moving noise sources has garnered substantial attention in recent years, prompting researchers to develop a range of methodologies for positioning sound sources across diverse scenarios. Despite this progress, the intricate interplay of complex spatial sound fields and the Doppler effect during motion presents a formidable challenge in achieving accurate sound source localization. To address these challenges, this paper proposes a novel method for estimating positions of wayside pass-by noise sources based on Doppler Effect Correction (Do-bPE). The proposed method capitalizes on a spatial microphone array to capture signals emanating from moving sound sources. Each channel’s sound signal is transformed into the time–frequency domain using Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT). The Approximate Greatest Common Divisor (AGCD) algorithm is then applied to extract the instantaneous frequency of the moving source from the time–frequency spectrogram. By leveraging nonlinear least squares fitting and the acoustic Doppler model, this instantaneous frequency facilitates the kinematic parameters estimation of Doppler effect, which provides the distances between each microphone within the array and the trajectory of moving sound source. Then, by employing the weighted least squares method to solve the relationship between the sound source and the array microphones, an accurate spatial position for the sound source can be obtained. The method successfully applies the Doppler effect to estimate the source distances, subsequently refining position estimation accuracy through microphone array processing. Simulation and experimental results show that the method’s positioning accuracy and robustness are significantly improved compared to existing approaches.