Abstract
In this study, a novel compact auto-tracking antenna system was developed to ensure the high reliability of practical applications. The system consisted of three antennas (two anchor antennas and a tag antenna), three ultra-wide band (UWB) chips, and one compact turntable. On the anchor side, two highly linearly polarized antennas with a short baseline were installed on an auto-control turntable. Two UWB chips were integrated with the two anchor antennas to extract the phase and amplitude information of the receiving signal. On the tag side, a wide-beam circularly polarized antenna with a UWB chip was installed to mitigate the effect of the tag’s pose on the phase measurement. Using a correlation matching algorithm based on the phase difference of arrival, high tracking reliability with a 90% success rate was achieved for all practical direction-of-arrivals and various axial rotating angles of the tag over the maximum radiation deflection angles between –90° and 135°. The operation distance of a demo self-balanced two-wheeled vehicle was 20 m.
Highlights
Close-range localization has gained significant attention for applications in consumer electronics, such as smart shelf [1], asset auto-management [2,3], autonomous vehicle positioning [4], robot navigation [5,6,7,8], and tracking [9,10]
An radio frequency (RF) positioning system usually consists of tags that transmit signals containing location information and anchors that estimate the position of the tags [15]
The metal wire is wound around a Teflon cylinder
Summary
Close-range localization has gained significant attention for applications in consumer electronics, such as smart shelf [1], asset auto-management [2,3], autonomous vehicle positioning [4], robot navigation [5,6,7,8], and tracking [9,10]. Technologies using laser, sonar, infrared, or visual sensors have been developed. These sensors generally suffer from poor accuracy in various harsh environments (e.g., fog, smoke, and darkness) [11,12]. Radio frequency (RF) positioning technology has attracted widespread attention, owing to its low cost, light weight, and lack of sensitivity to optical environments [4,7,13,14]. An RF positioning system usually consists of tags (target antennas) that transmit signals containing location information and anchors (measuring antennas) that estimate the position of the tags [15]. Various methods—received signal strength (RSS), time of arrival (TOA), time difference of arrival (TDOA), and phase difference of arrival (PDOA)—have been used to explore different types of information from the received signals
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