Abstract
We report here a new diagnostic approach to the direct detection of HIV in blood or other body fluids that is rapid, sensitive and potentially applicable in a point-of-care setting. The approach follows on the development of a novel BioNanoSensor (BNS) device that utilizes piezoelectric technology to detect the presence of the HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 in a nanoscale format. The detection range of the BNS device for the biomarker gp120 displayed a low-end sensitivity of 6.5×104 HIV viral particles/ml, while using a small fluid sample (5 µl) and with a reaction time of less then 30 seconds. Performance of this device indicated that the BNS has utility for direct detection of HIV particles prior to, and independent from, antibody formation. Accordingly, this device holds utility to monitor the status of HIV infection both early after exposure to virus as well as during chronic HIV infection. The BNS parameters of small sample volume, compact device size, and detection sensitivity indicate that the BNS is potentially useful in the point-of-care and/or home setting for monitoring decisions regarding HIV treatment on a real-time basis.
Highlights
The application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly improved care and prolonged life for many individuals infected with HIV
We describe the development of a novel BNS based on TSMimmunosensor technology [35] that is capable of directly measuring the HIV surface glycoprotein gp120 in human plasma
An assessment of the capacity and sensitivity for the BNS device to detect HIV was first conducted by measuring the sensor wave deflection in response to binding of the major HIV surface glycoprotein gp120
Summary
The application of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) has markedly improved care and prolonged life for many individuals infected with HIV. As a result, those living with chronic HIV infection and/or AIDS are estimated at 35.3 million worldwide [1]. In North America, and Western and Central Europe the number of HIV infected individuals nearly doubled in the last six years to an estimated 2.3 million [1,2]. As the life expectancy of infected individuals increases, complicating effects of HIV on multiple tissues and organ systems are emerging, which both enhances the potential for treatment complications and diminishes positive medical outcomes [3,4]. The ability to monitor HIV infection through diagnostic approaches that are at once sensitive and reproducible as well as cost effective and user friendly is critical to this end
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