Abstract
After extraction from jujube pomace and purification by two columns (DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow and Sepharcyl S-300), the structure of SAZMP4 was investigated by HPGPC, GC, FI-IR, GC-MS, NMR, SEM, and AFM. Analysis determined that SAZMP4 (Mw = 28.94 kDa) was a pectic polysaccharide mainly containing 1,4-linked GalA (93.48%) with side chains of 1,2,4-linked Rha and 1,3,5-linked Ara and terminals of 1-linked Rha and 1-linked Ara, which might be the homogalacturonan (HG) type with side chains of the RG-I type, corresponding to the results of NMR. In AFM and SEM images, self-assembly and aggregation of SAZMP4 were respectively observed indicating its structural features. The antioxidant activity of SAZMP4 against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Caco-2 cells was determined by activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) as well as malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, indicating SAZMP4 can be a natural antioxidant. Also, a better water retention capacity and thermal stability of SAZMP4 was observed based on DSC analysis, which could be applied in food industry as an additive.
Highlights
Pectin is a natural macromolecular compound, generally considered as a complex polysaccharide containing α-1,4-linked galacturonic acid, which might be partly methyl esterified and have side chains of various neutral sugars, such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and so on [1]
Since jujube fruits are rich in sugar, and the abundant intracellular and cell wall polysaccharides are more soluble in alkaline solution, it is better to use alkaline solution for extraction to take full advantage of the pomace [4]
SAZMP4 was extracted from jujube pomace by alkaline solution and purified by the column of DEAE-Sepharose Fast Flow with mobile phase of 0.3 M NaCl and the column of Sepharcyl S-300 with ultrapure water
Summary
Pectin is a natural macromolecular compound, generally considered as a complex polysaccharide containing α-1,4-linked galacturonic acid, which might be partly methyl esterified and have side chains of various neutral sugars, such as rhamnose, arabinose, galactose, and so on [1]. It widely exists in the cell wall and the middle lamella structure of all higher plants [2]. Biological activities of polysaccharides are associated with their structural characteristics. Many researchers have determined the composition, the average molecular weight, and the type of linkages of polysaccharides can affect the biological activities of polysaccharides [10,11,12]. There exists an importance to determine the structural characterizations of pectic polysaccharide
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