Abstract
In most countries, the problems of energy and environment are becoming worse. To deal with the environmental impacts and the dependence on fossil energy, many solutions were proposed. Plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) is one of the best technique among these solutions. However, the large number of PEVs connected to the power grid simultaneously might increase power fluctuation or even cause the electricity shortage and thus affecting the typical use of the basic load. To cope with this issue and inspire PEV users coordinating with scheduling results, an algorithm was proposed to ensure the power transmission safety of branches and maximize the economic benefits. Considering the cost of both PEV owners and the power grid, a two-phase model of optimizing PEVs charging and discharging behaviors was built. According to the traveling purpose of PEV owners and the current electricity price, in the first phase, a novel model which defines each PEV’s charging or discharging status was established. The number of PEVs’ charging and discharging in each charging station can be obtained. Considering the constraints on the power transportation of branch, in the second phase, we built a mathematical model to maximize the benefit of both power grid and PEV owners. The genetic algorithm was used to optimize the charging and discharging power of PEVs. Simulation results show that the optimization method proposed in this paper has a better performance on the daily power curve compared with the uncoordinated PEVs charging.
Highlights
Nowadays, the problems of air pollution and the fossil fuel shortage have attracted public concern in many countries
When largescale plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) are connected to an electric distribution network simultaneously, some issues including the location of PEVs charging or discharging at a given time, the power fluctuation, active power loss, the state of charge (SOC) of PEVs, and the degree of PEV owners’ satisfactory should be concerned [4, 5]
According to the initial SOC of PEVs and the level of electricity price when PEV users connected to power grid, the charging or discharging behaviors of PEVs could be coordinated on the basis of satisfying the propose of PEVs traveling. e SOC of PEVs is updated after each time interval, and the number of PEVs charging and discharging is exported
Summary
The problems of air pollution and the fossil fuel shortage have attracted public concern in many countries. Considering the economic benefit of power grid and PEV owners, a bilayer system was designed in [9] It verified that the electricity price can adjust the time and the location of PEVs charging and discharging. Is paper proposed a novel optimization method of PEVs charging and discharging based on the previous methods; the bene t of power grid and PEV users, the traveling purpose of PEV users, and the initial SOC of each PEV were taken into account. To reduce the impact of PEVcentralized charging on the branch in power grid, the main contribution of this paper is considering both the bene t of the power grid and PEV users to ensure the stable operation of the power grid and satisfy the traveling purpose of PEV users We dominate this problem as the Max Power Grid and PEV Users Pro t problem. The conclusion of this paper and future work are given in the Section 6
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