A novel noise handling method to improve clustering of gene expression patterns

Abstract

Background Cluster analysis of gene expression data is a useful tool for identifying biologically relevant groups of genes that show similar expression patterns under multiple experimental conditions. Performance of clustering algorithms is largely dependent on selected similarity measure. Efficiency in handling outliers is a major contributor to the success of a similarity measure. In gene expression data, there may be pairs of genes that have completely different expression values over a few samples under certain experimental condition(s), although they exhibit similar behavior over the other samples. Depending on the algorithms, these outliers are either placed in single element clusters (hierarchical clustering), are allowed to be in a cluster that is more similar compared to others (partitioning clustering) or they may be completely discarded from grouping (density-based, grid-based and graph-based clustering). In all these cases outliers affect the outcome of a clustering result. Measurement errors or conditional changes during microarray experiments may cause a single sample, if not more, differing in expression level to a great extent compared to the other samples. Expression value of the single or a very few outlier samples may cause a gene to be an outlier. We formulate a new weighted function based method to reduce the effect of outliers on similarity measures. The better the similarity measure is in measuring similarity between genes in the presence of outliers, the better the