Abstract
A novel nematicide (fluensulfone) was evaluated for control of the root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita in tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicum L.) under field conditions. The experiment was set up in a randomized complete block design with four replicates. Six treatments were assessed for control of M. incognita: four doses of fluensulfone, one dose of the nematicide oxamyl, and a control with no application of nematicides. Ten days before transplanting, nematicides were applied in a single application via an irrigation system. The lowest final population densities of M. incognita in tomato crop were recorded in plots treated with fluensulfone at the dose of 2.75 L·ha-1, with an average of 26 juveniles. The higher percentage of efficacy was obtained with the application of fluensulfone at a dose of 2.5 L·ha-1. Fluensulfone exerted a more efficient nematicidal activity as compared with oxamyl, which is the most used nematicide in crops in Mexico. Our results indicated that fluensulfone can be used as an alternative nematicide for the control of M. incognita in tomato crop and other crops.
Highlights
One of the main limiting factors to the production of vegetables such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), are plant-parasitic nematodes, which can cause production losses equivalent to about $77 to 125 billion (Abawi and Widmer 2000; Chitwood, 2003)
From the parameters that were measured during this research, only the final population in soil of M. incognita was significantly reduced by application of fluensulfone in comparison with oxamyl and controls
The percentage of galled roots was significantly reduced in plots treated with fluensulfone as compared with controls, but no differences in this parameter were observed as compared with oxamyl, which is the most used nematicide in horticultural crops in Mexico
Summary
One of the main limiting factors to the production of vegetables such as tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.), are plant-parasitic nematodes, which can cause production losses equivalent to about $77 to 125 billion (Abawi and Widmer 2000; Chitwood, 2003). Studies have shown that fluensulfone has direct nematicidal activity against a number of plant-parasitic nematodes, including Meloidogyne spp., Xiphinema index, Pratylenchus penetrans and P. thornei (Oka et al, 2009, Oka et al, 2012, Oka, 2014). Fluensulfone can be a good chemical alternative to control root-knot nematodes in commercial tomato, but its efficacy has to be tested. The six treatments that were applied to the experimental units were: 1) Nimitz® (fluensulfone) at four doses (2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 2.75 L·ha-1), 2), Vydate L® (oxamyl) at the commercial dose of 3 L·ha-1, and 3) control without application of nematicides. Plots treated with all doses of fluensulfone had significantly lower numbers of nematodes as compared with control plots and with plots treated with oxamyl (Table 1). 26 and 28.5 J2 were observed respectively
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