Abstract
Human campylobacteriosis is considered one of the most common foodborne diseases worldwide with poultry identified as the main source of infection accounting for 50–80% of human cases. Highly virulent Campylobacter spp., positive for the Type VI secretion system (T6SS), which have an increased ability to adhere to and invade the host gastrointestinal epithelium are highly prevalent in poultry. Multidrug resistant strains of bacteria are rapidly evolving and therefore, new antimicrobials to supplement animal feed that are able to control Campylobacter species, are in great need. The work presented herein indicates that a novel phenolic antimicrobial, Auranta 3001, is able to reduce the adhesion and invasion of human intestinal epithelial cells (HCT-8) by two T6SS positive chicken isolates, C. jejuni RC039 (p < 0.05) and C. coli RC013 (p < 0.001). Exposure of C. jejuni RC039 and C. coli RC013 to Auranta 3001 downregulated the expression of hcp and cetB genes, known to be important in the functionality of T6SS. Furthermore, the reduced adhesion and invasion is associated with a significant decrease in bacterial motility of both isolates (p < 0.05–p < 0.001) in vitro. Most importantly our in vivo results show that Auranta 3001 is able to reduce cecum colonization levels from log 8 CFU/ml to log 2 CFU/ml for C. jejuni RC039 and from log 7 CFU/ml to log 2 CFU/ml for C. coli RC013. In conclusion, this novel antimicrobial is able to reduce the pathogenic properties of T6SS campylobacters in vitro and also to decrease colonization in vivo.
Highlights
The Gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne disease (EFSA and ECDC, 2017)
In order to investigate if the antimicrobial agent has any effect in reducing pathogenicity, by attenuating bacterial virulence factors, we first had to identify the sub-inhibitory concentrations for both isolates (C. jejuni RC039 and C. coli RC013)
These results suggested that this antimicrobial can have a negative impact on the motility of C. jejuni and C. coli T6SS positive isolates
Summary
The Gram-negative pathogen Campylobacter spp. is the most frequent cause of bacterial foodborne disease (EFSA and ECDC, 2017). The full picture of the mechanisms involved is not yet known (Freitag et al, 2017), but initial progress has been made to elucidate these mechanisms (Young et al, 2007) Blocking these initial stages of infection including adhesion, motility, and chemotaxis is essential as they represent key factors for a successful infection (Morooka et al, 1985; Nachamkin et al, 1993; Yao et al, 1997; Hendrixson and DiRita, 2004; Backert and Hofreuter, 2013). Capsular polysaccharides contribute to antimicrobial resistance (Hendrixson et al, 2001; Guerry et al, 2012)
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