Abstract
A sulfhydryl-lignocellulose/montmorillonite (SLT) nanocomposite was prepared using a chemical intercalation reaction. The SLT nanocomposite was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), the results demonstrated that an intercalated-exfoliated nanostructure was formed in the SLT nanocomposite. Batch experiments were conducted to optimize parameters such as SLT nanocomposite dosage, the initial concentration of Ni(II), solution pH, temperature, and time. The results indicated that the attractive adsorption capacity reached 1134.08 mg/g with 0.05 g of SLT at an initial concentration of Ni(II) of 700 mg/L, solution pH of 5.5, adsorption temperature of 50 °C, and adsorption time of 40 min, meanwhile, the Ni(II) adsorption capacity significantly decreased with the increase in ionic strength. The pseudo-second order kinetic model could describe the whole adsorption process well, and the isotherm adsorption equilibrium conformed to the Freundlich model. The adsorption mechanism of SLT was also discussed by means of FTIR and Energy-Dispersive X-Ray (EDX). Dramatically, the introduction of sulfhydryl achieves the increased activated functional groups content of SLT nanocomposite, leading to remarkably higher adsorption amount on Ni(II). The desorption capacity of SLT was dependent on parameters such as HNO3 concentration, desorption temperature, and ultrasonic desorption time. The satisfactory desorption capacity and desorption efficiency of 458.21 mg/g and 40.40% were obtained at an HNO3 concentration, desorption temperature, and ultrasonic desorption time of 0.4 mol/L, 40 °C, and 30 min, respectively. The regeneration studies showed that the adsorption capacity of SLT was consistent for four cycles without any appreciable loss and confirmed that the SLT was reusable. Owing to such outstanding features, the novel SLT nanocomposite proved the great potential in adsorption for Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution, and exhibited an extremely significant amount of Ni(II), compared to pristine lignocellulose/montmorillonite and the conventional spent adsorbents.
Highlights
Heavy metal pollution arising from industrial and technological activities, i.e., metallurgy, printing, storage batteries, and rubber, plastic, aerospace, mineral, and pigment production is a global problem of worldwide concern [1,2]
Owing to such outstanding features, the novel SLT nanocomposite proved the great potential in adsorption for Ni(II) removal from aqueous solution, and exhibited an extremely significant amount of Ni(II), compared to pristine lignocellulose/montmorillonite and the conventional spent adsorbents
Compared with the Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) of LC, the adsorption bands were at 3354 cm−1 (Figure 1a) for the –OH bending vibration of H2 O, at 2909 cm−1 for the C–H stretching on methyl and methylene, at 1638 cm−1 for the –OH
Summary
Heavy metal pollution arising from industrial and technological activities, i.e., metallurgy, printing, storage batteries, and rubber, plastic, aerospace, mineral, and pigment production is a global problem of worldwide concern [1,2]. Its weak polydispersity properties, poor reactivity, and low specific gravity has made it difficult to apply extensively To overcome these issues and heighten the adsorption effect, specific attention has been given to derivatization by immobilizing sulfhydryl onto the LC. The introduction of sulfur contributes to greater stability in acidic solutions due to the formation of crosslinks [14,15] In recent times, it has become attractive with respect to adsorption applications. There have been no studies on the adsorption capacity of Ni(II) using a sulfhydryl-lignocellulose/montmorillonite (SLT). Exploratory research results on the recycling application of the SLT nanocomposite have offered a reference for Ni(II) removal, and its regeneration ability was evaluated through four adsorption/desorption cycles, showing good recycling
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