Abstract
Many commercial bone graft substitutes (BGS) and experimental bone tissue engineering scaffolds have been developed for bone repair and regeneration. Among them, sol-gel processed bioactive glasses showed promise due to their unique nanostructure. This study reports the in vivo bone regeneration using a newly developed porous bioactive and resorbable nanoscomposite that is composed of nano-bioactive glass (BG), collagen (COL), hyaluronic acid (HYA) and phosphatidylserine (PS), BG-COL-HYA-PS. The nanocomposite was prepared by a combination of sol-gel and freeze-drying methods. A rabbit radius defect model was used to evaluate bone regeneration at time points of 2, 4 and 8 weeks. Techniques including radiography, histology, fluorescent marker, and micro-CT were applied to characterize the new bone formation. In addition, ectopic bone formation was also investigated for the osteoinductivity of the materials. 8 weeks' results showed that (1) nearly complete bone regeneration was achieved for the BG-COL-HYA-PS nanocomposite that was combined with a bovine bone morphogenetic protein (BMP); (2) partial bone regeneration was achieved for the BG-COL-HYA-PS composites alone; and (3) control remained empty. This study demonstrated that the novel BG-COL-HYA-PS nanocomposite with or without the grafting of BMP, is a promising BGS or a tissue engineering scaffold for non-load bearing orthopaedic applications.
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