A novel multivariate signal processing-based fault diagnosis approach of rotating machinery under various operating conditions

Abstract

Compared with signals collected by the single sensor, the collected multivariate signals contain more information to reflect the state of mechanical equipment, which has a positive effect on fault diagnosis. However, different acquisition channels and various operating conditions interfere with the extraction of fault features of rotating machinery. To solve this problem, taking rolling bearings as an example in this paper, a novel method is adopted to alleviate these interferences and combined with an improved extreme learning machine (ELM) to achieve intelligent fault diagnosis of rolling bearings under various operating conditions. First, adaptive projection intrinsically transformed multivariate empirical mode decomposition is used to decompose multivariate signals and obtain intrinsic mode functions of each channel to construct feature matrices. Then, nuisance attribute projection (NAP) is employed to alleviate the interference components in the feature matrix, which are originated from different channels and operating conditions. Finally, vectors belonging to the processed feature matrix as samples are input into the proposed weighted extreme learning machine (WELM) for intelligent fault classification. The weighted matrix of the WELM can compress the dimension of the sample and extract sensitive features, and the effectiveness of the proposed fault diagnosis model via the above methods is verified by experiments. Furthermore, comparative experiments show that the proposed fault diagnosis model has higher accuracy than the model combined with NAP and traditional single-hidden layer feedforward neural network or ELM. Therefore, the proposed fault diagnosis model may potentially aid experts on fault diagnosis of rotating machinery under various operating conditions.