Abstract
This paper proposes a novel on-board electric vehicle (EV) battery charger (EVBC) based on a bidirectional multilevel topology. The proposed topology is formed by an AC-DC converter for the grid-side interface and by a DC-DC converter for the battery-side interface. Both converters are interfaced by a split DC-link used to achieve distinct voltage levels in both converters. Characteristically, the proposed EVBC operates with sinusoidal grid-side current, unitary power factor, controlled battery-side current or voltage, and controlled DC-link voltages. The grid-side converter operates with five voltage levels, while the battery-side operates with three voltage levels. An assessment, for comparison with classical multilevel converters for EVBCs is considered along the paper, illustrating the key benefits of the proposed topology. As the proposed EVBC is controlled in bidirectional mode, targeting the EV incorporation into smart grids, the grid-to-vehicle (G2V) and vehicle-to-grid (V2G) operation modes are discussed and evaluated. Both converters of the proposed EVBC use discrete-time predictive control algorithms, which are described in the paper. An experimental validation was performed under real operating conditions, employing a developed laboratory prototype.
Highlights
The electric vehicle (EV) is considered as the central element to support electric mobility in smart grids, serving to help to address major energy concerns
The developed EV battery charger (EVBC) was validated during the V2G operation mode
A novel on-board bidirectional EV battery charger (EVBC) was presented. It is constituted by a a grid-side converter capable to operate with five voltage levels, and by a battery-side converter capable grid-side converter capable to operate with five voltage levels, and by a battery-side converter to operate with three voltage levels
Summary
The opportunity to operate in bidirectional mode, as well as to operate in the four quadrants in terms of power quality will be decisive for contributing to establish energy management strategies in a smart grid perspective. Considering the grid-side converter, a five-level topology with reduced switching devices and based on the active neutral point clamped in presented in [16]. The key contributions of this paper are: (a) a novel EVBC based on a multilevel topology; (b) an analysis of the proposed EVBC in terms of operation targeting smart grids; and (c) an experimental validation using a dedicated developed on-board EVBC.
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